Zinc, why do we and our pets need it? 

Zinc is an essential trace mineral with various critical functions in the human and animal body. Here's a comprehensive overview of why we need zinc.

1. Fundamental Roles in the Human Body

• Zinc is necessary for almost 100 enzymes to perform vital chemical reactions. These enzymes facilitate the biological transformations necessary for life, such as breaking down food for energy and creating new cellular components [[1](https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/zinc/)].
• It plays a significant role in DNA creation, which holds the genetic blueprint for all cellular activities. Without proper DNA synthesis, cells might not function correctly or could become cancerous [[1](https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/zinc/)].
• t's crucial for the growth of cells, which is vital for development, tissue repair, and general maintenance of the body. This is especially important during times of rapid growth such as childhood, adolescence, and pregnancy [[1](https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/zinc/)].
• Zinc assists in **building proteins**, the primary structural and functional units of the body, essential for almost every cellular activity [[1](https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/zinc/)]
• It helps in **healing damaged tissue**, promoting recovery after injuries [[1](https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/zinc/)].
• It supports a **healthy immune system**, which defends the body against pathogens and potentially harmful invaders [[1](https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/zinc/)].
• Zinc is crucial for **taste and smell**, enabling enjoyment of foods and helping detect potentially dangerous substances or spoiled foods [[1](https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/zinc/)].

2. Health Implications

• Zinc is essential for the growth and functioning of immune cells. A deficiency in zinc can hamper the activity of immune cells, making the body more susceptible to viruses and bacteria [[1](https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/zinc/)].
• Zinc deficiency is linked to health problems like stunted growth, diarrhea, pneumonia, and malaria, especially in children from low and middle-income countries. The elderly, who may consume less zinc due to poor appetite or multiple medications, are also at risk of infections [[1](https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/zinc/)].
• Zinc plays a role in wound healing, particularly by supporting immune cell activity and reducing inflammation around wounds. It's especially beneficial for individuals with significant wounds or those deficient in zinc [[1](https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/zinc/)].
• When taken soon after cold symptoms appear, zinc might help reduce the duration of the cold. The mode of application matters as zinc lozenges allow slow dissolution to coat the mouth and throat, which is advantageous over other forms like nasal and throat sprays [[2](https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-zinc/art-20366112)].

3. Dietary Sources and Supplements

• Foods rich in zinc include meats, poultry, seafood, legumes, whole grains, nuts, seeds, and fortified breakfast cereals. Some plant-based sources contain phytates, which can bind to zinc, reducing its absorption [[1](https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/zinc/)].
• Zinc is also available in supplement form, but it's essential to consult a dietitian or healthcare professional before taking them. Excessive zinc can lead to nausea, vomiting, and interference with the absorption of other minerals [[1](https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/zinc/)].

4. Recommended Amounts

• For adults aged 19 and above, the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is 11 mg/day for men and 8 mg/day for women. During pregnancy and lactation, the requirement increases slightly [[1](https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/zinc/)].
• The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for zinc, which is the maximum daily intake unlikely to cause adverse health effects, is set at 40 mg/day for both males and females aged 19 years and above [[1](https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/zinc/)].

Given the critical roles zinc plays in numerous biological processes, maintaining appropriate levels is vital for overall health.

 From the information provided, the importance and benefits of zinc (often denoted as ZIN) for both humans and dogs can be summarized:

Benefits of Zinc for Dogs:

1. Essential Nutrient for Numerous Bodily Activities

2. Illness Prevention and Wound Healing:

Zinc aids in warding off diseases and is pivotal for the healing of wounds [[3](https://www.nutritionstrength.com/zinc-for-dogs-how-it-benefits-your-pet/)].

3. Aids Hormonal Actions:

Zinc supports the activity of several hormones, such as insulin, growth hormone, and those produced by the thymus gland [[2](https://mypetnutritionist.com/post/why-zinc-is-important-for-your-dog/); [3](https://www.nutritionstrength.com/zinc-for-dogs-how-it-benefits-your-pet/)].

4. Essential for Skin, Eye, and Brain Health:

Zinc plays an essential role in maintaining the health of the skin, eyes, and brain [[3](https://www.nutritionstrength.com/zinc-for-dogs-how-it-benefits-your-pet/)].

5. Regulates Immunity

The immune system, which acts as the body's defense mechanism, requires zinc for optimal functionality. Zinc stabilizes cell membranes and a deficiency can facilitate the entrance of potential pathogens. A sufficient amount of zinc is vital for proper immune responses and is linked to reduced susceptibility to infections [[2](https://mypetnutritionist.com/post/why-zinc-is-important-for-your-dog/)].

6. Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Zinc is known to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines, playing a significant role in modulating inflammation. Chronic inflammation can lead to various diseases, and thus, managing inflammation can be a preventive measure for several health issues [[2](https://mypetnutritionist.com/post/why-zinc-is-important-for-your-dog/)].

7. Antioxidant Properties

Zinc acts as an antioxidant, neutralizing free radicals, which, when in excess, can lead to various ailments, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative conditions. Zinc's ability to stabilize membrane structures and prevent lipid peroxidation (damage caused by free radicals to cell membranes) is crucial for this antioxidant role [[2](https://mypetnutritionist.com/post/why-zinc-is-important-for-your-dog/)].

8. Hormonal Regulation

Zinc influences the endocrine system, which encompasses various glands responsible for hormone production. Low zinc levels can affect the conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine, which are essential thyroid hormones [[2](https://mypetnutritionist.com/post/why-zinc-is-important-for-your-dog/)].

9. Key Roles in Cellular and Molecular Functions

This includes acting as a catalyst or cofactor in over 200 enzymes, being vital for the formation and function of biological membranes and proteins, and having regulatory roles for the stability of DNA and RNA. It's also implicated in cell signaling, hormone release, and nerve impulse transmission [[3](https://www.nutritionstrength.com/zinc-for-dogs-how-it-benefits-your-pet/)].

In conclusion, zinc is a fundamental micronutrient that supports a myriad of physiological processes in dogs, ranging from cellular functions to systemic health benefits. Ensuring an adequate zinc intake can help maintain the overall health and wellness of dogs.

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